Ka Moolelo o Aluminum Foi?

ʻO ka alumini ka mea i hoʻoholo ʻia i kēia manawa o nā metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia e ka ʻoihana ʻokiʻoki.ʻIke ʻia ʻo "alumina," ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui alumini e hui pū i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ʻAigupita kahiko a e hoʻonohonoho i nā lole lole i kekahi manawa o ka Middle Ages.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu, ua manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻo ia mau pūhui he metala, a i ka makahiki 1807, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Sir Humphry Davy chemist Pelekane e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia.ʻOiai ua hāʻule kāna mau hana, ua hōʻoia ʻo Davy he kumu kila ka alumina, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa mua ʻia ʻo "alumium."Ua hoʻololi ʻo Davy i kēia i "aluminium," a, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema ma nā ʻāina he nui i ka huaʻōlelo "aluminium," nui nā ʻAmelika i hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo hou a Davy.

I ka makahiki 1825, ua hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻo Hans Christian Ørsted i ka alumini Denemaka, a he ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo kekahi physicist i kapa ʻia ʻo Friedrich Wohler mai Kelemania i hiki ke hana i nā mea nui o ka metala;akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōpala a Wohler i nā ana o nā poʻo pine.

I ka makahiki 1854, he kanaka ʻepekema Farani ʻo Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, ua lawa ka hana akamai a Wohler no ka hana ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu alumini e like me nā kinikini.Ua hoʻolako ke kaʻina hana a Deville i kumu no ka ʻoihana alumini ʻokiʻoki, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā pahu alumini mua i hana ʻia ma 1855 ma ka Paris Exposition.

Ma kēia kumu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mea hao hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kāna ʻoihana.Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1866, ua holomua ka poʻe ʻepekema i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Farani i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Hall-Héroult no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka alumina mai ka oxygen me ke kōkua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi uila i kēia lā.ʻOiai ʻo Charles Hall a me Paul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult i patent i kā lākou mau ʻike, ma ʻAmelika a me Farani, ua lilo ʻo Hall i mea mua e hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki kālā o kāna ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

I ka makahiki 1888, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia a me kekahi mau hoa i ka Pittsburgh Reduction Company, nāna i hana i nā alumini alumini mua i 12 mau mahina.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydroelectricity no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi mea kanu hoʻololi hou ma kahi kokoke i ka wailele ʻo Niagara a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ke koi kalepa no ka alumini, ʻo ka mea hana o Hall—i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) i ka makahiki 1907—i holomua.Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Héroult i ka Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft ma Switzerland.Paipai ʻia me ke kōkua o ka piʻi nui ʻana no ka alumini i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua I a me II, ua hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o nā wahi ʻoihana ʻenehana e hāʻawi i kā lākou alumini pilikino.

I ka makahiki 1903, ua lilo ʻo Farani i ʻāina mua i hana i ka foil mai ka alumini hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.Ua hahai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i nā makahiki he ʻumi ma hope, ʻo kāna hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka huahana hou he mau wāwae wāwae e ʻike ai i nā nūnū heihei.Ua hoʻohana koke ʻia ka pahu alumini no nā bins a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a ua hoʻolalelale ke Kaua Honua II i kēia ʻano, e hoʻonohonoho ana i ka pepa alumini ma ke ʻano he lole pale nui.

A hiki i ke Kaua Honua II, ʻo Alcoa wale nō ka mea hana ʻAmelika o ka alumini i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, akā i kēia lā aia ʻehiku mau mea hana pono o ka alumini alumini i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.